UCLA Radiological Sciences Proceedings

Tarlov cysts are cystic structures of neurogenic origin that arise most commonly in the roots of the sacrococcygeal nerves. Prompt and correct identification can prevent unnecessary biopsy of the cysts, a procedure which can cause significant pain because they contain nerve fibers and ganglion cells. We report two cases of Tarlov cysts mimicking adnexal masses on ultrasound evaluation. The first case was misidentified on an ultrasound before being diagnosed as a Tarlov cyst during follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. The second case was initially identified by the sonographer as an ovarian cyst but was properly identified through correlation with prior computed tomography imaging. In this case series, we discuss the pathologic and radiographic features, etiology, clinical considerations, and treatment of Tarlov cysts.