Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

In 1951, Harlem Renaissance poet Langston Hughes asked this talk's titular question at the outset of a poem entitled "Harlem." Six years later, IBM mathematician John Backus developed Fortran, the world's first widely used high-level programming language. Backus later explored functional programming and highlighted the functional style in his Turing Award lecture in 1977, a year that also demarcates what one might consider the end of the classical era of Fortran. Building on a vision the presenter first conceived around the turn of the 21st century while teaching in Harlem, this talk will demonstrate how Fortran 2023 can finally deliver on Backus's functional programming dream in traditional high-performance computing (HPC) domains such as partial differential equation (PDE) solvers and in emerging domains such as artificial intelligence (AI). For PDE solvers, the talk will describe language facilities for asynchronously evaluating expressions that apply discrete, parallel, purely-functional differential operators to software abstractions that model continuous mathematical abstractions. For AI, the talk will demonstrate that Fortran's native concurrent loop iterations can combine with side-effect-free, pure procedures to facilitate automatically parallelizing deep-learning inference and training algorithms on processors and accelerators. The talk will provide updates on an ongoing effort by Berkeley Lab's Fortran team to realize this dream by through our work at multiple levels in the software stack, including applications, compiler runtime libraries, and networking middleware. Along the way, the talk will highlight ways in which programs promoting inclusivity in science facilitated significant aspects of the presented work.