A ideia deste artigo é discutir a afirmação que surgiu durante o trabalho de campo desenvolvido entre músicos populares indígenas do Noroeste Amazônico brasileiro: todo instrumento musical possui “alma”. A partir dessa afirmação, busca-se desenvolver relatos etnográficos para sustentar que na prática da música popular entre os Yepá-mahsã, os instrumentos musicais são percebidos como  “pessoas” (não-humanas). Desse modo, a música kuximawara do Noroeste Amazônico constitui uma cena fértil para o pensamento e prática indígena, especialmente no que se refere à música ritual do cotidiano. Para a reflexão, expõe-se um pequeno conjunto de dados etnográficos no qual exemplos descritivos apresentados pelos interlocutores demonstram como a música popular articula conceitos e práticas do pensamento indígena do povo Yepá-mahsã. Esses exemplos buscam evidenciar como os instrumentos musicais “estrangeiros” são concebidos por meio da cosmologia indígena e se relacionam com a origem dos “instrumentos sagrados”. Reflito, inversamente, como a ideia de um instrumento “moderno” como a guitarra foi, pouco a pouco, descontruindo-se para que eu compreendesse que, a partir da lógica Yepá-mahsã, todos os instrumentos musicais do mundo eram resultantes da ação dos deuses em um passado mitológico.

This work will present experimental results on two projects measuring the electronic properties of unconventional superconductors. The first project focuses on the iron-based superconductor system of FeSe1-xSx. We used scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S) to make detailed measurements of the electronic states of tetragonal FeSe0.89S 0.19. We also performed theoretical band structure calculations that were calibrated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements for comparison. We utilize the high spatial resolution of the STM/S measurements to separately analyze modulations in the local density of states (LDOS) in regions near and away from iron-vacancies. This analysis revealed two types of features: (i) energy dispersive quasiparticle interference patterns which can explained by our band structure calculations and (ii) a much stronger modulation just above the Fermi level centered at q=0.12 Å-1 which does not disperse with energy and cannot be explained by our band structure model. Local rotational symmetry analysis shows that while the modulations are four-fold symmetric on average, they are actually comprised of small domains with two-fold symmetry. Statistical analysis demonstrates that the boundaries of these domains are spatially correlated with the locations of iron-vacancies.

The second project studies charge order in the La-based cuprate La1.475Nd0.4Sr0.125CuO4. We performed temperature and uniaxial strain dependent resonant x-ray scattering studies on the charge order and the low-temperature orthorhombic to low-temperature tetragonal (LTO-LTT) structural transition. Before applying any strain, we found a precursor charge order peak existing up to 200 K, well above the static charge order onset temperature. Upon applying uniaxial tensile strain of about 0.1%, we observed a reduction in the onset of charge order by 50 K and a 20 K reduction in the LTO-LTT transition temperature. We also saw a preference for the charge order to form in the direction of applied strain due to a 6 K difference in onset temperatures for the two directions.

Zika Virus (ZIKV), which is associated with microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, brought a serious public health impact to most of Latin America countries in 2015 and 2016 during its endemic outbreak. Still, there is no effective antiviral drug or vaccine for ZIKV infection, addressing urgency to develop therapeutic solutions for ZIKV infection. Previously, using high throughput screening (HTS) technology, several potential hit molecules against ZIKV have been discovered, and Methotrexate (MTX) was identified as one of them. While MTX has been clinically used as a chemotherapy and anti-rheumatoid reagent, in this study, I investigated the mechanism of action of MTX against Zika virus (ZIKV) in vitro using Vero cells and human neural stem cells (hNSCs). In plaque assays, the antiviral effects of MTX against ZIKV were studied, showing a ten-fold decrease of the virus titer. To understand the antiviral mechanism of action of MTX, we focused on MTX’ target enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and its pathways. To confirm that the antiviral effect of MTX is caused from antagonism of DHFR, a downstream metabolite of DHFR pathway, Leucovorin, was used as together with MTX as co-treatment for ZIKV-infected host cells. Surprisingly, addition of Leucovorin rescued the ZIKV replication during MTX treatment, supporting the idea that the antiviral effect of MTX might be facilitated through inhibition of DHFR. The antagonism of DHFR leads to a decrease of the de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Additional antiviral mechanism of MTX were studied using GAT (Glycine, Adenosine, and Thymidine) medium in which adenosine alone showed the rescue effect on ZIKV replication from MTX treatment.

0 artigo busca avaliar a percepyao da corrupyao no setor de obras rodoviarias atraves de urn questionario aplicado junto as ernpresas de engenharia rodoviaria do Estado do Rio Grande do SuI no ano de 2002. 0 questionario exarnina a percepyao da corrupyao no setor rodoviario identificando a forya do sindicato das ernpresas do setor; a oferta de propinas e 0 poder discricionario dos agentes publicos entre outros.