INTRODUCTION: In the United States, sport is a common form of youth physical activity (PA) with demonstrated health benefits. However, limited longitudinal dataexists on the psychosocial determinants and consequences of youth sport participation. This study examined grade 6 (11-12-year-old) predictors of high school organized sport participation and effects of high school sport participation on age 26 behavior, mental health and wellbeing. METHODS: Structural equation models tested relationships using the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD). Half of the sample was male, and played organized sports at ages 15 and 18. Eighty percent of the sample was white. RESULTS: Grade 6 predictors of playing high school sport were: child enjoys PA, parent enjoys PA, parent feels physical education (PE) is important, and vigorous PA minutes/week. Playing sports at ages 15 and 18 was associated with better wellbeing, lower depression, increased sport and fitness activity participation. Enjoyment of PA was directly associated with fitness activities at age 26, more than a decade later. High school sport participation at both age 15 and 18 further mediated relationships between enjoyment with wellbeing and depression at age 26. DISCUSSION: Sport participation is a common accessible means of PA, and participating in sports in high school is associated with better mental health and PA outcomes at age 26. Fostering enjoyment of PA during childhood helps shape PA in early adulthood and adult mental health benefits derived from high school sport participation.
Abstract: The ATLAS Google Project was established as part of an ongoing evaluation of the use of commercial clouds by the ATLAS Collaboration, in anticipation of the potential future adoption of such resources by WLCG grid sites to fulfil or complement their computing pledges. Seamless integration of Google cloud resources into the worldwide ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure was achieved at large scale and for an extended period of time, and hence cloud resources are shown to be an effective mechanism to provide additional, flexible computing capacity to ATLAS. For the first time a total cost of ownership analysis has been performed, to identify the dominant cost drivers and explore effective mechanisms for cost control. Network usage significantly impacts the costs of certain ATLAS workflows, underscoring the importance of implementing such mechanisms. Resource bursting has been successfully demonstrated, whilst exposing the true cost of this type of activity. A follow-up to the project is underway to investigate methods for improving the integration of cloud resources in data-intensive distributed computing environments and reducing costs related to network connectivity, which represents the primary expense when extensively utilising cloud resources.
Polypoid pyeloureteritis is a rare benign exophytic mucosal lesion of the renal pelvis and ureter caused by recurrent inflammation. Risk factors include a history of radiation therapy, colovesical fistulas, or calculi. To our knowledge, we present the first documented case of polypoid pyeloureteritis with radiologic, pathologic, and clinical correlation. A 74-year-old male with a history of right papillary renal cell carcinoma status-post nephrectomy and recurrent nephrolithiasis presented for computed tomography urography for carcinoma surveillance. Computed tomography urography revealed urothelial thickening at the left renal pelvis along with small polypoid filling defects in the left renal collecting system at the ureteropelvic junction, as well as a 3mm nonobstructing stone. Biopsy of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of polypoid pyelitis with ureteritis. Lithotripsy for stone removal was administered at the time of biopsy, and fulguration of the mass was performed. At the time of 1-year follow-up the patient denied any complaints, including urinary symptoms. Imaging was once again remarkable for extensive urothelial thickening of the left renal pelvis and proximal ureter that demonstrated subtle nodularity, consistent with known polypoid pyeloureteritis. Clinical context and pathologic findings should be considered to differentiate benign polypoid lesions from urothelial neoplasms after observing urothelial thickening and filling defects on computed tomography urography. If the lesion is non-neoplastic, fulguration combined with removal of the irritant may serve as an alternative management for surgical excision.
This study compared the processing of non-binary morphemes in Spanish (e.g., todxs, todes) with the processing of canonical grammatical gender violations in Spanish pronouns (e.g., Los maestros… todas…). Using self-paced reading, the study examined how individual differences in working memory and gender/sex diversity beliefs affected language processing at three regions of interest (ROI): the pronoun, the pronoun +1, and the pronoun +2. Seventy-eight Spanish-English bilinguals completed two self-paced reading tasks, one with non-binary pronouns and another with grammatical gender violations, as well as a working memory task, a language dominance questionnaire, and a gender/sex diversity beliefs questionnaire. Processing costs were operationalized as longer reaction times (RTs) or inaccurate responses. Results showed overall processing costs for non-binary morphemes at all 3 ROIs, but no processing costs were observed in terms of accuracy or response times to the comprehension question. The results suggest that processing non-binary pronouns results in a small processing cost that does not affect overall sentence comprehension. The small observed processing cost was moderated by gender/sex diversity beliefs, with gender normative beliefs increasing RTs at the pronoun and affirmation of diverse gender identities beliefs reducing the RTs at the second spillover region. In contrast, grammatical gender violations only showed a processing cost at the first spillover region and were not moderated by working memory nor gender/sex diversity beliefs. Taken together, the results suggest that non-binary pronouns are processed differently than grammatical gender violations and that the small processing cost they impose can lead to good enough comprehension.
An essay intended to foster reflection on the impact of escalating changes in journal publication practices on our PhD students and junior colleagues. We provide observations, journal data, and conclude with ideas about how this problem can be addressed.
Vision is initiated by the reception of light by photoreceptors and subsequent processing via downstream retinal neurons. Proper circuit organization depends on the multifunctional tissue polarity protein FAT3, which is required for amacrine cell connectivity and retinal lamination. Here, we investigated the retinal function of Fat3 mutant mice and found decreases in both electroretinography and perceptual responses to high-frequency flashes. These defects did not correlate with abnormal amacrine cell wiring, pointing instead to a role in bipolar cell subtypes that also express FAT3. The role of FAT3 in the response to high temporal frequency flashes depends upon its ability to transduce an intracellular signal. Mechanistically, FAT3 binds to the synaptic protein PTPσ intracellularly and is required to localize GRIK1 to OFF-cone bipolar cell synapses with cone photoreceptors. These findings expand the repertoire of FAT3s functions and reveal its importance in bipolar cells for high-frequency light response.
Some Latine youth from rural migrant farmworker communities engage in farmwork to help support themselves and their families. Although research has documented their motives for working and some characteristics of their employment, knowledge about how these youth construct their work in the fields and how such experiences relate to their positive development is needed to depict their holistic experiences. Using mixed methods, we explored youths farmwork experiences and examined how these experiences relate to youths prosocial behaviors, civic responsibility, and ego-resiliency. Data are from a mixed-method study of Latine youth and parents in rural and agricultural families in the U.S. Midwest. The present study uses qualitative data from a subsample of 47 youth (Mage = 11.42, 48.8% boys) who participated in interviews and survey activities. Thematic coding of the interviews revealed sociocognitive, socioemotional, skilled-related, and physical experiences, as well as prosocial considerations that included perspective taking, moral reasoning, and empathetic concern. Integrating qualitative and quantitative data showed that these experiences were distinctively associated with higher other-oriented and lower self-oriented prosocial behaviors and higher ego-resiliency. Further, farmworker youth also showed significantly lower civic efficacy, indicating that farmwork may discourage some aspects of civic responsibility. The results can inform policy and program designs on promoting Latine youths positive development in the face of adversity, such as by highlighting character development and bridging youth engagement with civic spheres.
Groundbreaking strategies for preventive cardiology were showcased at the 2024 American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) Congress on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention held in Salt Lake City, Utah, from August 2nd to 4th, 2024. The event featured 69 moderators and 13 scientific sessions comprised of 98 topics, 36 satellite events, 133 poster presentations, and 27 lifestyle classes. The conference highlighted innovative strategies focused on integrating cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health, presenting a cohesive approach for managing complex, interrelated conditions. Pivotal studies have addressed the role of lipid-lowering therapies, the benefits of early statin initiation, and the importance of precision medicine in preventing CVD. The ASPCs emphasis on translating this research into practical clinical tools has the potential to revolutionize preventive care strategies, making strides toward reducing the burden of CVD globally and improving long-term patient outcomes through personalized and early intervention approaches.
Hearing loss is a widespread and disabling condition with no current cure, underscoring the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches for treatment and prevention. A recent mitochondrial therapy approach by introducing exogenous mitochondria to the cells has shown promising results in mitigating mitochondria-related disorders. Despite the essential role of mitochondria in hearing, this novel strategy has not yet been tested for the treatment of hearing loss. More importantly, whether cochlear cells take up exogenous mitochondria and its consequence on cell bioenergetics has never been tested before. Here, we showed that exogenous mitochondria from HEI-OC1 auditory cells internalize into a new set of HEI-OC1 cells through co-incubation in a dose-dependent manner without inducing toxicity. We observed that auditory cells that received exogenous mitochondria exhibited increased bioenergetics compared to the controls that received none. Furthermore, we found that mitochondrial transplantation protects cells from oxidative stress and H2O2-induced apoptosis, while partially restoring bioenergetics diminished by H2O2 exposure. These findings support initial evidence for the feasibility and potential advantages of mitochondrial therapy in auditory cells. If successful in animal models and ultimately in humans, this novel therapy offers prominent potential for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.
