Energy Sciences

We study the coexistence of strain- and charge-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in a cobalt (0-7 nm) wedge on ferroelectric (011)-oriented [Pb(Mg1/3/Nb2/3)O3]0.68-[PbTiO3]0.32 using surface-sensitive x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy at the Co L3,2 edges. Three distinct electric field driven remanent magnetization states can be set in the Co film at room temperature. Ab initio density functional theory calculations unravel the relative contributions of both strain and charge to the observed magnetic anisotropy changes illustrating magnetoelectroelastic coupling at artificial multiferroic interfaces.