Public Health & Health Science Division, ULAB

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has profoundly affected global health, presenting unprecedented challenges to pregnant women and their offspring. This paper explores the impacts of COVID-19 on maternal, neonatal, and childhood health, shedding light on both short-term and potential long-term consequences. The transmission of the virus from mother to child, though relatively low compared to other vertically transmitted diseases, remains a subject of ongoing study. Maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes such as preterm delivery, cesarean section, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. Additionally, COVID-19 infection appears to influence placental pathology, raising concerns about fetal development and health in the long term. The pandemic has exacerbated maternal mental health challenges, including an increased prevalence of postpartum depression. Infants born to mothers with COVID-19 may experience lower neonatal weight, reduced head circumference, and a heightened risk of complications. Long-term health effects on children, including cardiovascular and respiratory impacts, remain areas of active investigation. Comprehensive research is vital to understand the magnitude of these risks and develop effective strategies for preventing and managing COVID-19 in pregnant women. Prioritizing the health and well-being of pregnant women and their offspring is critical in mitigating the enduring effects of the pandemic on maternal, neonatal, and childhood outcomes.