California Center for Population Research

We assess the merits of different education systems in a framework that ac-counts for the joint decision problem of parents regarding fertility and educa-tion. Specifically, we compare the implications of a public and a private schooling regime for economic growth and inequality. We find that private schooling leads to higher growth when there is little inequality in human capital endowments across families. In contrast, when inequality is high, public education yields higher growth by reducing fertility differentials. In addition, public schooling leads to income convergence, while private schooling can result in ever increasing inequality. Our analysis highlights the importance of accounting for endogenous fertility differentials when analyzing educational policies.