The Effects of Group Based Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs on Hemoglobin A1c in Type 2 Diabetic Adults: A Review of Experimental Studies
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a growing problem across the world. Diabetes leads to increased levels of hemoglobin A1c (A1C), and if left untreated, can lead to further chronic disease. This review examines the effectiveness of group-based diabetes self-management education (DSME) on lowering A1C levels and increasing diabetes knowledge.
Methods: Databases used for this review include PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The three studies chosen for this review include two randomized controlled trials (RCT's) and one quasi-experimental study, which were peer-reviewed and published in the past 5 years.
Results: All studies demonstrated a slight decrease in A1C levels; however, one study found a significant decrease between pre-and-post intervention (p<0.0001). The two RCT's also reported a significant increase in diabetes knowledge.
Discussion: The strengths found across all studies were the study design used, fidelity of the intervention, and validity of the methods used to measure the primary outcome. All three studies took a different DSME approach; however, their end-goal was the same as they measured similar outcomes.
Conclusion: DSME is a feasible approach in improving diabetes education and attempting to reduce A1C levels. Further research is needed to develop a standardized curriculum that maximizes the benefits of DSME.