- Kurle, Carolyn M;
- Zilliacus, Kelly M;
- Sparks, Jenna;
- Curl, Jen;
- Bock, Mila;
- Buckelew, Stacey;
- Williams, Jeffrey C;
- Wolf, Coral A;
- Holmes, Nick D;
- Plissner, Jonathan;
- Howald, Gregg R;
- Tershy, Bernie R;
- Croll, Donald A
Eleven years after invasive Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were eradicated from Hawadax Island, in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, the predicted three-level trophic cascade in the rocky intertidal, with native shorebirds as the apex predator, returned, leading to a community resembling those on rat-free islands with significant decreases in invertebrate species abundances and increases in fleshy algal cover. Rats had indirectly structured the intertidal community via their role as the apex predator in a four-level trophic cascade. Our results are an excellent example of an achievable and relatively short-term community-level recovery following removal of invasive animals. These conservation successes are especially important for islands as their disproportionately high levels of native biodiversity are excessively threatened by invasive mammals.