A comprehensive suite of diagnostics has allowed detailed measurements of the Alfvén eigenmode (AE) spatial structure and subsequent fast-ion transport in the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak [1]. Reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) and toroidal induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) have been driven unstable by fast ions from ICRH as well as NBI origin. In ICRF heated plasmas, diffusive and convective fast-ion losses induced by AEs have been characterized in fast-ion phase space. While single RSAEs and TAEs eject resonant fast ions in a convective process directly proportional to the fluctuation amplitude, δB/B, the overlapping of multiple RSAE and TAE spatial structures and wave-particle resonances leads to a large diffusive loss, scaling as (δB/B)2. In beam heated discharges, coherent fast-ion losses have been observed primarily due to TAEs. Core localized, low amplitude NBI driven RSAEs have not been observed to cause significant coherent fast-ion losses. The temporal evolution of the confined fast-ion profile in the presence of RSAEs and TAEs has been monitored with high spatial and temporal resolution. A large drop in the central fast-ion density due to many RSAEs has been observed as qmin passes through an integer. The AE radial and poloidal structures have been obtained with unprecedented details using a fast SXR as well as 1D and 2D ECE radiometers. GOURDON and HAGIS simulations have been performed to identify the orbit topology of the escaping ions and study the transport mechanisms. Both passing and trapped ions are strongly redistributed by AEs. © 2011 IAEA, Vienna.

The present status of experiments on zonal flows in magnetic confinement experiments is examined. The innovative use of traditional and modern diagnostics has revealed unambiguously the existence of zonal flows, their spatio-temporal characteristics, their relationship to turbulence and their effects on confinement. In particular, a number of observations have been accumulated on the oscillatory branch of zonal flows, named geodesic acoustic modes, suggesting the necessity for theories to give their proper description. In addition to these basic properties of zonal flows, several new methods have elucidated the processes of zonal flow generation from turbulence. Further investigation of the relationship between zonal flows and confinement is strongly encouraged as cross-device activity including low temperature, toroidal and linear devices. © 2007 IAEA.