The Remote Associates Test (RAT, CRA) is a classical creativ-ity test used to measure creativity as a function of associativeability. The RAT has been administered in different languages.Nonetheless, because of how embedded in the language thetest is, only a few items are directly translatable, and most ofthe time the RAT is created anew in each language. This pro-cess of manual (and in two cases computational) creation ofRAT items is guided by the researchers’ understanding of thetask. However, are the RAT items in different languages com-parable? In this paper, different RAT stimuli datasets are an-alyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Significant differencesare observed between certain datasets in terms of solver per-formance. The potential sources of these differences are dis-cussed, together with what this means for creativity psycho-metrics and computational vs. manual creation of stimuli.

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims at measuring the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c², i.e., improving on previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Neutrino mass data taking with KATRIN commenced in early 2019, and after only a few weeks of data recording, analysis of these data showed the success of KATRIN, improving on the known neutrino mass limit by a factor of about two. This success very much could be ascribed to the fact that most of the system components met, or even surpassed, the required specifications during long-term operation. Here, we report on the performance of the laser Raman (LARA) monitoring system which provides continuous high-precision information on the gas composition injected into the experiment's windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), specifically on its isotopic purity of tritium-one of the key parameters required in the derivation of the electron neutrino mass. The concentrations c_x for all six hydrogen isotopologues were monitored simultaneously, with a measurement precision for individual components of the order 10^-3 or better throughout the complete KATRIN data taking campaigns to date. From these, the tritium purity, ε_T, is derived with precision of <10^-3 and trueness of <3 × 10^-3, being within and surpassing the actual requirements for KATRIN, respectively.

The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of β -decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV (90 % CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.