UC Santa Cruz

While non-volatile memory (NVRAM) devices have the po-tential to alleviate the trade-off between performance, scal-ability, and energy in storage and memory subsystems, a block interface and storage subsystems designed for slow I/O devices make it difficult to efficiently exploit NVRAMs in a portable and extensible way. We propose an object-based storage model as a way of addressing the shortfalls of the current interfaces. Through the design of Muninn, an object-based versioning key-value store, we demonstrate that an in-device NVRAM manage-ment layer can be as efficient as that of NVRAM-aware key-value stores while not requiring host resources or host changes, and enabling tightly-coupled optimizations. Muninn is also designed to show that versioning can be added to a file system transparently with minimal host-side changes. As a flash key-value store, it achieves better life-time and low read/write amplification by eliminating internal data movements and per-object metadata updates using Bloom filters and hash functions. By doing so, it achieves as few as 1.5 flash page reads per look up and 0.26 flash page writes per insert on average with 50million 1KB key-value pairs without incurring data re-organization. This is close to the minimum number of flash accesses required to read and store the 1KB key-value pairs, thus increasing performance and lifetime of flash media.