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A Compact 213 GHz CMOS Fundamental Oscillator with 0.56mW Output Power and 3.9% Efficiency Using a Capacitive Transformer

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http://dart.ece.ucdavis.edu/publication/hwang2017b.pdf
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Creative Commons 'BY-SA' version 4.0 license
Abstract

This paper presents a compact 213 GHz fundamental oscillator with an optimal embedding network that maximizes the output power. Fabricated in 65-nm bulk CMOS, the oscillator occupies a core area of only 70×40 pm2, owing to the use of a compact low-loss capacitive transformer structure. The oscillator achieves 0.56-mW output power while consuming a DC current of 14.35 mA from a 1-V power supply, representing a recording-breaking DC-to-RF efficiency of 3.9% amongst fundamental oscillators above 200 GHz.

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