What makes an explanation better than another explanation? Previous studies have suspected that explanatory virtues,such as Simplicity and Scope, affect individuals’ evaluation of the explanatory goodness. Although almost all of thesestudies have focused on the situation that some explanations are presented simultaneously, we do not always obtain someexplanations in daily life. In this research, we conducted an experiment to investigate the preference change in causalexplanation between Joint and Separate Evaluations. The results showed that Latent scope has a large effect as a criterionfor evaluating explanatory goodness regardless of Joint and Separate Evaluation. Furthermore, Simplicity affects theevaluation of explanatory goodness differently between these situations of evaluation; however, the effect of comparisonwas observed only by online reflection in which evaluation is performed for two explanations simultaneously and not byoffline reflection in which evaluation is re-performed after ending all evaluations.

Conversion from an initial representation for gaining insight has mainly been studied in experimental settings wheresolution through that initial representation is impossible.Many studies of insight problem solving have shown that animplicit process engage in conversion from an inadequate initial representation. However, few studies exist about suchconversion in a situation in which solution by the initial representation is possible. A typical situation is conversionfrom a sub-optimal to an optimal solution. In such a situation, solution by the initial representation is inefficient, butpossible. Therefore, participants received no negative feedback that the solution is impossible.In this study, by measuringeye movement, we investigated the hypothesis that the implicit process also emerges in such a situation. We found that theimplicit process related to relaxation of fixedness on the sub-optional solution was observed prior to conscious finding ofthe optimal solution.

In this study, we investigated the consistency of creativity assessment by novice raters. Such naive decision for creativ-ity assessment might be based upon individuals intuitive process. On the other hand, when they have enough time todecide their assessment for creativity, they might be able to activate their analytical process to do it. Therefore, we in-vestigated difference between intuitive and analytical processes on consistency of creativity assessment. We conductedexperiments of creativity assessment based on repeated measure to investigate interaction between personality and assess-ment process. Personality regarding preference for intuition and deliberation was measured by questionnaires. Assessmentprocess included two levels as within-participants factor: intuitive and deliberative processes. We will discuss influence ofpersonality and assessment process on consistency of creativity assessment.