- Konate, Drissa;
- Diawara, Sory I;
- Sogoba, Nafomon;
- Shaffer, Jeff;
- Keita, Bourama;
- Cisse, Abdourhamane;
- Sanogo, Ibrahim;
- Dicko, Ilo;
- Guindo, Merepen dite Agnes;
- Balam, Saidou;
- Traore, Abdouramane;
- Kante, Salimata;
- Dembele, Assitan;
- Kasse, Fatoumata;
- Denou, Larissa;
- Diakite, Seidina AS;
- Traore, Karim;
- Thiam, Sidibe M'Baye;
- Sanogo, Vincent;
- Toure, Mahamoudou;
- Diarra, Ayouba;
- Agak, George W;
- Doumbia, Seydou;
- Diakite, Mahamadou
Despite a significant reduction in the burden of malaria in children under five years-old, the efficient implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) at large scale remains a major concern in areas with long malaria transmission. Low coverage rate in the unattainable areas during the rainy season, a shift in the risk of malaria to older children and the rebound in malaria incidence after stopping drug administration are mainly reported in these areas. These gaps represent a major challenge in the efficient implementation of SMC measures. An open randomized study was conducted to assess the effect of a fifth additional round to current regime of SMC in older children living in Dangassa, a rural malaria endemic area. Poisson regression Model was used to estimate the reduction in malaria incidence in the intervention group compared to the control group including age groups (5-9 and 10-14 years) and the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs; Yes or No) with a threshold at 5%. Overall, a downward trend in participation rate was observed from August (94.3%) to November (87.2%). In November (round 4), the risk of malaria incidence was similar in both groups (IRR = 0.66, 95%CI [0.35-1.22]). In December (round 5), a decrease of 51% in malaria incidence was observed in intervention group compared to control group adjusted for age groups and the use of LLINs (IRR = 0.49, 95%CI [0.26-0.94]), of which 17% of reduction is attributable to the 5th round in the intervention group. An additional fifth round of SMC resulted in a significant reduction of malaria incidence in the intervention group. The number of SMC rounds could be adapted to the local condition of malaria transmission.