Lithic analysis of a large artifact collection from the Grove Ranch in Pueblo Valley, Oregon, contributes new insights involving a relatively understudied area of the northern Great Basin. The diversity and density of artifacts from the Grove Ranch indicate a consistent use of the site throughout the Holocene, and source provenance analysis elucidates diachronic conveyance patterns. The overall suite of raw materials suggests a localized conveyance zone that included the southern Alvord Basin and areas to the southwest. Late Holocene arrow points from Grove Ranch were made from more diverse sources than middle Holocene dart points. A single Desert Side-notched point is made from Bear Gulch obsidian from 600 km. away in eastern Idaho, and may be related to an influx of people from the Snake River Plain during the latest Holocene. This research demonstrates the value of donated collections and the impact they can have on areas where little previous archaeological research has been conducted.

Marine-shell beads have been recovered from numerous archaeological sites throughout the Intermountain West. Direct radiocarbon determinations and typological cross-dating indicate that groups conveyed beads long distances inland throughout the Holocene. Because the oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures of Callianax (previously Olivella) sp. snail shells reflect local sea surface temperature, researchers over the past 15 years have started to assign beads to source regions (stretches of the coast from which people collected shells). We report radiocarbon and stable isotope data for a Callianax biplicata bead from Oregonís Hawksy Walksy Valley, the only bead that has been recovered from this archaeologically important region. These data indicate that the bead was conveyed ~400 km. inland at 480ñ285 cal B.P. from somewhere along the Oregon or northern California coasts. We place these results within the context of other provenance studies of beads in the northern Great Basin to add to our understanding of how, when, and from where coastal producers conveyed shell beads to inland consumers.