In 3 surveys during the past 10 years, community hospital pathologists were asked what they want, need, or look for when employing a pathologist and, more specifically, what skills and knowledge a newly minted pathologist should have to be successful in the community practice of pathology. The most recent survey, done in spring of 2005, cited surgical pathology diagnosis, frozen section diagnosis, dissection, and fine-needle aspiration as essentials in anatomic pathology. For clinical gross, cytology, pathology, knowledge of clinical medicine and test strategies that use the laboratory for clinical problem solving was paramount. New expectations in the latest survey were knowledge of molecular pathology and experience in quality assurance procedures. New pathologists generally meet the expectations of the community hospital workplace; however, there were some deficiencies: they were not proficient in gross pathology or autopsy pathology, they were slow, and many lack the clinical knowledge and experience to be effective consultants. The principal attribute that determines success in the practice of pathology, however, is skill in communication and interpersonal relations, and this remains the major deficiency of the fledgling pathologist. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The research summarized in this report involves three interrelated analyses. First, we construct a theoretical nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control model and derive the optimal budget tradeoff between direct treatment of polluting sources versus data collection, which facilitates information acquisition and learning about the relative pollution loading among the sources. Second, we develop a sequential entropy filter to statistically update estimated NPS pollution loading parameters, as new data becomes available. We apply the entropy method to stream flow and ambient sediment loading data for Redwood Creek, which flows into and through Redwood National Park. Third, the theoretical and methodological results are incorporated into a sediment control model for Redwood Creek. We simulate the sediment control management program to provide policy analysis by comparing a uniform treatment policy where no data is collected against high and low-intensity data collection policies, The simulation results indicate that the high and low-intensity data collection policies can reduces uncertainty, increasing treatment effectiveness, so that sediment related damages are lower than damages under the uniform treatment policy.

Anthropologists have long been aware of the distinctive appearance of the culture of the Yurok, Karok, Hupa, Wiyot, and Tolowa Indians of northwestern California (Kroeber 1904, 1920,1922,1953:30). Although the ethnographic record attests to the elaborate ceremonial system operative throughout most of this area, we have as yet no firm grasp on how far back in time this system may have been in operation, nor any reasonably well documented information about the time depth for the social ranking and exchange relations which existed among these groups.

In order to bring new data to bear on some aspects of these anthropological concerns, obsidian artifacts associated with graves at the prehistoric Wiyot site of Dulawo't (CA-Hum- 67 on Gunther Island) were subjected to nondestructive X-ray fluorescence analysis to determine the geographical source of the raw material used in their manufacture. These prehistoric data, combined with brief sketches of the ceremonial system and obsidian sources, are consonant in part with observations derived from the ethnographic record although some new insights into the dimensions of social ranking are offered. It is suggested that the social, exchange, and ceremonial systems evident during the ethnographic period were in operation at Dulawo't by at least 600 years ago.