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Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (2 results)

  • Article
  • Peer Reviewed
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (2008)

We developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of PCB 153 in women, and predict its transfer via lactation to infants. The model is the first human, population-scale lactational model for PCB 153. Data in the literature provided estimates for model development and for performance assessment. Physiological parameters were taken from a cohort in Taiwan and from reference values in the literature. We estimated partition coefficients based on chemical structure and the lipid content in various body tissues. Using exposure data in Japan, we predicted acquired body burden of PCB 153 at an average childbearing age of 25 years and compare predictions to measurements from studies in multiple countries. Forward-model predictions agree well with human biomonitoring measurements, as represented by summary statistics and uncertainty estimates. The model successfully describes the range of possible PCB 153 dispositions in maternal milk, suggesting a promising option for back estimating doses for various populations. One example of reverse dosimetry modeling was attempted using our PBPK model for possible exposure scenarios in Canadian Inuits who had the highest level of PCB 153 in their milk in the world.

    Cover page: Population Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for the Human Lactational Transfer of PCB 153 with Consideration of Worldwide Human Biomonitoring Results
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    UC Davis Previously Published Works (2025)
    BACKGROUND: Understanding antimicrobial use practices in goats is essential to ensuring appropriate antimicrobial stewardship. OBJECTIVE: To describe antimicrobial prescriptions in periparturient does admitted to veterinary teaching hospitals and to determine if any factors were associated with the administration of antimicrobials in general or ceftiofur in particular. ANIMALS: One hundred ninety-eight periparturient does presented to nine university veterinary hospitals from October 2021 to June 2022. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study in a prospective design. Data were collected from questionnaire completed by admitting clinician. RESULTS: Out of 198 periparturient does included in the study, 153 (77%) received antimicrobials during hospitalization. Commonly administered antimicrobials included oxytetracycline (n = 44, 29%), ceftiofur sodium (n = 43, 28%), ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA; n = 27, 18%), potassium penicillin G (n = 15, 10%), procaine penicillin G (n = 14, 9%), florfenicol (n = 14, 9%), tulathromycin (n = 9, 6%), ampicillin trihydrate (n = 4, 3%), and ampicillin sodium (n = 1, 1%). Cesarean section was associated with antimicrobial administration in general (OR = 5.89; 95% CI = 2.49-13.98, p < 0.01) and with ceftiofur administration (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.25-5.17; p = 0.008). Significant variability in ceftiofur administration by hospital was observed (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Marked heterogeneity was observed in the antimicrobial administration practices in periparturient goats between nine US veterinary teaching hospitals.
      Cover page: Antimicrobial Administration Practices in Hospitalized Periparturient Goats: A Multicenter Study.
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