Skip to main content
eScholarship
Open Access Publications from the University of California

Scholarly Works (5 results)

  • Thesis
  • Peer Reviewed
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2013)

Background: The development and progression of prostate cancer may be influenced by systemic inflammation. Environmental influences, such as dietary factors and genetic polymorphisms mediate chronic inflammation. Particularly, high fructose corn syrup, which is associated with elevation of uric acid and metabolic syndrome, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune response and inflammatory pathways may promote prostate cancer by promoting systemic inflammation.

Methods: The current analysis utilized a hospital-based case-control study of 241 prostate cancer patients and 155 controls recruited from 1994 to 1997 at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Using genotyping results of CRP rs1205 and 1800947, FGFR2 rs1219648 and rs2981582, and IFNGR1 rs11914, the associations of high fructose corn syrup and inflammation-related polymorphisms with prostate cancer susceptibility and overall survival were analyzed. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to generate estimates of survival among prostate cancer patients.

Results: No polymorphisms were found associated with prostate cancer susceptibility. However, the CRP rs1205 CT genotype was associated with poorer prognosis among prostate cancer patients with a primary diagnosis (HR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.06-8.44). FGFR2 rs1219648 and rs2981582 polymorphisms were associated with more favorable survival (HR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01-0.43 and HR: 0.04, 95%CI:0.01-0.28), with the latter more pronounced in nonsmokers. High fructose corn syrup was not associated with prostate cancer susceptibility, but correlated with reduced survival among smokers when considering all patients with a prostate cancer diagnosis (HR: 2.31, 95% CI:1.12 - 4.76). No interaction was observed between high fructose intake and inflammation-related SNPs.

Conclusion: The results of this study highlight potential inflammation-related polymorphisms associated with poorer prognosis of prostate cancer, and provide a basis for which to confirm and identify inflammation-related polymorphisms in larger studies of prostate cancer risk and progression.

    Cover page: Associations of Inflammation-related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and High Fructose Corn Syrup Intake with Prostate Cancer Susceptibility and Survival
    • Article
    • Peer Reviewed
    UCLA Previously Published Works (2018)
    The association between consumption of added or concentrated sugars and prostate cancer risk is unclear. We examined the association between concentrated sugars in beverages and desserts and prostate cancer risk among 22 720 men in the usual-care arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, enrolled during 1993-2001. After a median follow-up of 9 years, 1996 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for prostate cancer risk and 95 % CI, adjusting for potential confounding factors. Increased consumption of sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer for men in the highest quartile of sugar consumption (HR: 1·21; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·39), and there was a linear trend (P<0·01). There were no linear associations between prostate cancer risk and consumption of sugars from fruit juices or dessert foods. In conclusion, in this prospective substudy within the PLCO trial, consumption of sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer among men receiving standard medical care. Our study suggests that limiting intake of sugars from beverages may be important in the prevention of prostate cancer.
      Cover page: Concentrated sugars and incidence of prostate cancer in a prospective cohort
      • Article
      • Peer Reviewed
      UCLA Previously Published Works (2015)
      The progression of prostate cancer is influenced by systemic inflammation, and may be attributed, in part, to genetic predisposition. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the immune response may help mediate prostate cancer progression. We analyzed data from a hospital-based case-control study of 164 prostate cancer patients and 157 healthy male controls from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. We evaluated associations between six immunity-related polymorphisms (CRP rs1205 and rs1800947, FGFR2 rs1219648 and rs2981582, IFNGR1 rs11914, and IL10 rs1800871) and overall survival among prostate cancer patients, calculating adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox proportional hazards regression. FGFR2 rs1219648 (GG vs. AA) and rs2981582 (TT vs. CC) polymorphisms were associated with more favorable overall survival (HR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.62 and HR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.53, respectively) in patients with primary prostate cancer. These observations highlight the need to validate and identify these and other immunity-related polymorphisms in larger studies examining survival of prostate cancer patients.
        Cover page: Associations of immunity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms with overall survival among prostate cancer patients.
        • Article
        • Peer Reviewed
        UCLA Previously Published Works (2016)

        Purpose

        The role of consumption of added sugars in cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is unclear. We examined associations between sugary beverages and susceptibility to UADT cancer as well as overall survival among UADT cancer patients.

        Methods

        The association between dietary added sugar and susceptibility to UADT cancers or overall survival among 601 UADT cancer cases was evaluated using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Los Angeles County. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for cancer susceptibility, and Cox regression was used to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) with 95 % CIs for survival, adjusting for relevant confounders.

        Results

        A total of 248 deaths were observed during follow-up (median 12.1 years). A positive association was observed with consumption of grams of sugar from beverages, including soft drinks and fruit juices, and poorer survival among UADT cancer cases (aHR, Q4 vs. Q1:1.88; 95 % CI 1.29, 2.72; p for trend = 0.002), as well as servings of sugary beverages (aHR, Q4 vs. Q1: 95 % CI 1.97, 95 % CI 1.32-2.93). This was due largely to consumption of sugars from soft drinks. Particularly, high consumption of sugary beverages was associated with poorer survival among esophageal cancer cases, driven by squamous cancers. No association was observed between sugary beverages and cancer susceptibility.

        Conclusion

        These findings suggest that consumption of sugary beverages may decrease survival associated with UADT cancers. Additional studies should be conducted to examine survival among cancer patients consuming high amounts of added or refined sugars. Such studies may highlight prognostic factors for UADT cancers.
          Cover page: Association of sugary beverages with survival among patients with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract
          • Article
          • Peer Reviewed
          UCLA Previously Published Works (2016)
          The effect of red and processed meats on cancer survival is unclear. We sought to examine the role of total and processed red meat consumption on all-cause mortality among patients with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) and lung, in order to test our hypothesis that red or processed meat was associated with overall mortality in these patients. Using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Los Angeles County, we conducted a case-only analysis to examine the association of red or processed meat consumption on mortality after 12 years of follow-up, using a diet history questionnaire. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. Of 601 UADT cancer cases and 611 lung cancer cases, there were 248 and 406 deaths, respectively, yielding crude mortality rates of 0.07 and 0.12 deaths per year. Comparing the highest with lowest quartile of red meat consumption, the adjusted HR was 1.64 (95% CI, 1.04-2.57) among UADT cancer cases; for red or processed meat, the adjusted HR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.10-2.82). A dose-response trend was observed. A weaker association was observed with red meat consumption and overall mortality among lung cancer cases. In conclusion, this case-only analysis demonstrated that increased consumption of red or processed meats was associated with mortality among UADT cancer cases and WAS weakly associated with mortality among lung cancer cases.
            Cover page: Associations of red and processed meat with survival among patients with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract and lung
            Top