Fractal research seems to have permeated most, if not all, areas of research concerned with form, from the micro-level aggregation of water molecules or particles of zinc oxide to the macro analysis of the structure of landmasses and cities. Given that the study of spatial form and its links to spatial processes is one of basic research areas within Geography, it is not surprising that research on fractals can be found in many subfields of the discipline, including geomorphology, climatology, urban and regional analysis, cartography, and remote sensing.

Within this working paper, we provide a sample of the growing literature in this area. The emphasis is on references that have appeared in the published literature. The bibliography is arranged in three sections: general references; measurement issues; and applications.

Animation is an important method of communicating information that lends itself to cartographic display. Cartographers may be delinquent in utilizing this technique. Meteorologists, medical researchers, and physical scientists, employing mini-, mainframe and super-computers, are creating today's most sophisticated animated maps and continue to develop the most sophisticated systems for display of spatial data. 

Incorporated here are citations from journal articles, monographs, books, and technical reports on research in several disciplines, including cartography, computer science, spatial modeling, and the earth sciences. The common thread is the exploration of methods by which to generate animated visual displays of spatial data.