Abstract: This chapter provides recent data on group differences in voter turnout and political participation of African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans in the United States and discusses advances in our understanding of the processes (e.g., mobilization, legal reforms, experiences of minorities with the carceral state) and mechanisms (e.g., resources, group consciousness, identity) that account for such differences. Our review supports the argument that political participation of marginalized groups reflects the costs and benefits imposed by the broader political and historical contexts in addition to the typical individual-level factors considered in standard participation models. Thus, generalizing our understanding of race, ethnicity, and participation across different political systems and social contexts requires a nuanced understanding of country-specific histories and efforts to draw broad, systematic, comparative conclusions regarding race and ethnicity as determinants of participation can be highly problematic.