After the recent enactment of General Defense Competition Law No. 42‐08, of the Dominican Republic and the culmination of a discussion process of more than a decade, it is of special relevance to perform an economic analysis of this new law, from a substantive, institutional and procedural approach. In this paper, the authors perform a comprehensive economic analysis of the new legislation, reviewing each individual section of the piece, and using as reference for the analysis the regulatory framework of the United States of America Antirust Law and the European Union Competition Law provisions.