Decarbonization roadmaps have been accepted among common strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, these plans tend not to employ any detailed environmental evaluation, particularly life cycle assessment, in their creation. The consequence of omitting LCA is that plans can only measure the impacts during operation and thus overlook the other sections' impacts; therefore, the climate change mitigation accomplishment that was set for the plan is unattainable from the beginning. LCA input data should be performed on a wide range of data, such as geospatial, engineering, and chemical data. For decarbonization roadmaps that are planned for the future, the data should also be projected, which raises the level of uncertainty in input data. This dissertation introduces and demonstrates approaches for overcoming challenges in implementing LCA for the energy transition in 4 chapters. First, a methodological framework for conducting geospatial LCA to manage uncertainty in emerging energy technology LCAs is introduced. Next, the climate change impacts are calculated for a piezoelectric energy harvesting generator as an emerging technology that includes both uncertainty and variability parameters. The third study measures the impacts of energy system processes that were not included in the most recent state decarbonization plan for California. California's decarbonization plan did not account 378.19 million metric tons (MMT) of CO2eq of greenhouse emissions that will be released on a life cycle basis if the plan is implemented. Lastly, the global warming potential of thousands of natural gas well pads across New Mexico were determined, focusing on direct land use change (DLUC) impacts such as losses in organic carbon in plants, soil organic carbon, and cuts in net primary productivity along with the effects of changes in surface albedo on global warming potential of well pads. The results show that greenhouse gas emissions resulting from DLUC may contribute up to 25 % of total emissions in constructing some well pads, an impact that has been ignored in many studies until now. Overall, all the outcomes of these studies demonstrate that conducting advanced geospatial LCA and proper interpretation of uncertainties in the system is necessary to genuinely achieve the decarbonization plans' goals.