This unit describes various approaches to database validation—the process of determining of database values are reasonably accurate, complete and logically consistent. Through example applications involving plant and animal species distribution databases it details methods for evaluating logical cartographic consistency, logical attribute consistency, statistical tests and logical query of the data, ground truthing and sensitivity analysis.

The California Urban and Biodiversity Analysis (CURBA) model was developed as a tool to help urban planners to evaluate the possible effects of alternative urban growth patterns and policies on biodiversity and natural habitat quality. CURBA can help direct urban growth while promoting environmental and ecological quality.